The Vedic view of life is based on the idea that man is an integral part of the global family-”Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”. This epithet is the hallmark of the cultural attitude and it holds relevance for the smooth survival of the Universe. This message of universal brotherhood, along with keeping alive the ethical measures of living, can be found in our ancient literature. Our ancient texts, especially Mahabharata , foster the idea of good governance, ethics ,discipline, behaviour ,cognitive learning and observation. These management techniques depicted in Mahabharata is a process of aligning people and are essential for an organized life. The novel concepts of being ethical, moral and socially responsible is discussed widely in Viduraniti. Strategy and leadership, team spirit,excellence in governance, are some of the techniques used in Viduraniti. This paper is a humbly attempt to revisit the pedagogy of our ancient literature and the management of crucial situations in life.

Mahābhārata, Viduranīti, Management techniques, Ancient texts, Ethics, Strategy and leadership

The research problem addressed in this article pertains to the examination of Viduraniti's ethical teachings and their relevance to contemporary leadership practices. It aims to explore how the virtues outlined in Viduraniti, such as wisdom, humility, and respect, can inform and enrich modern leadership theories and organizational management strategies. Additionally, the study seeks to investigate the practical implications of incorporating Viduraniti's ethical principles into leadership development programs and organizational culture, with a focus on promoting ethical conduct, trust, and sustainability in today's dynamic work environments.

The research problem addressed in this article pertains to the examination of Viduraniti's ethical teachings and their relevance to contemporary leadership practices. It aims to explore how the virtues outlined in Viduraniti, such as wisdom, humility, and respect, can inform and enrich modern leadership theories and organizational management strategies. Additionally, the study seeks to investigate the practical implications of incorporating Viduraniti's ethical principles into leadership development programs and organizational culture, with a focus on promoting ethical conduct, trust, and sustainability in today's dynamic work environments.

Viduraniti attempts to open up the significance of three essential aspects in life – patience, compassion and respect. The life of Dharmaputra teaches the essence of all of the three important characteristics. These characteristics directly can be applied to modern day leadership and management theories too. An eminent leader in any domain would have these three characteristics imbibed in him or her. First of all, patience is extremely important for a leader. If the leader has the patience, he is able to analyze the given situation and understand the problems. A good leader should be emotionally stable and he have the ability to overcome problems and take decisions. 

The instructions of Vidura are life-touching and implementation of  such teachings in life, will lead to success. Viduranithi says that it is good to stay away from carelessness, laziness, anger, immorality, drug addicts, greedy people, fearful and lustful people. Those who associate with such people will face difficulties in life and will never achieve success.Viduranithi tells how the misuse of earned money. The first misuse of money is to give money to the wicked or those who don't need it and secondly to the deserving even when it is needed.  In Viduraniti, two types of people are mentioned. Those two types of people are strong yet forgiving and poor yet charitable. The place of such is above heaven.A person with these qualities is worthy of praise. Viduraniti has mentioned eight qualities. A person with such qualities deserves praise.

A person who possesses eight virtues such as wisdom, politeness, soft-spokenness, knowledge, vigor, low-spokenness, remembers the favor of others, and gives charity is always worthy of praise. Vidura believed that a person who speaks sweetly is respected everywhere and gets a lot of respect and dignity. At the same time, no one asks anything of a person who speaks bitterly and jealously. Sometimes anger comes out in certain situations and control yourself in such situation. Vidura describes how the king should be well equipped with noble qualities like control of the senses and good conduct. He emphasises the importance of soft words and the necessity of  respect for elders. It is very important for a person to stay humble to stay successful. He believed that it is one thing to achieve success and another to stick to success. According to Vidura, only a man of noble conduct can attain success and remain in it for a long time. Anyway, this discourse of Vidura advice on how to manage life principles and describes the necessity of a virtuous life freed from all passions. 

 

The Mahabharata is well-known for its immensely useful section on Viduraniti, an ethical philosophy told through a discussion. Codes of conduct, appropriate behavior in various contexts, the difference between Dharma and Adharma, right and evil, and morality and immorality are all explained by Vidura. In Udyogaparva of the Mahabharata, Vidura and King Dhritarashtra engage in a deep discussion about Dharmasastra and politics. The foundation of our great culture is the Sanatana dharma. This Viduraniti clearly highlights the revolutionary philosophy of universal brotherhood and management techniques. Thus, the impact and results of the research of Viduaniti are unquestionably exceptional and unparalleled in the current hemisphere.